[{"id":"gty_658","type":"gty","prompt":"The Beatles break up","options":["1969","1970","1971","1972"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Paul McCartney announced it via press."},{"id":"tf_11369","type":"tf","prompt":"Sound waves are transverse like light waves.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Sound is longitudinal, not transverse."},{"id":"gty_12389","type":"gty","prompt":"First successful separation of conjoined twins sharing a heart","options":["1975","1969","1978","1972"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Only one twin survived after surgery."},{"id":"gty_3201","type":"gty","prompt":"Mikhail Gorbachev becomes USSR leader","options":["1983","1985","1987","1989"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Initiated perestroika and glasnost."},{"id":"tf_5170","type":"tf","prompt":"The human brain has pain receptors, so headaches are from brain itself.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Brain lacks pain receptors; pain comes from surrounding tissues."},{"id":"gty_1510","type":"gty","prompt":"The first batch of platform shoes worn by stars","options":["1970","1972","1973","1975"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Elton John and David Bowie made them iconic."},{"id":"tf_13339","type":"tf","prompt":"The world's longest bridge is in China over water all the way.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge is mostly land-based."},{"id":"tf_14363","type":"tf","prompt":"Plants can see each other through their leaves' photoreceptors.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Plants sense light but don't 'see' images as animals do."},{"id":"gty_1174","type":"gty","prompt":"The first pair of Levi's jeans was made","options":["1850","1853","1856","1859"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"They used denim and copper rivets."},{"id":"gty_12617","type":"gty","prompt":"'Spider-Man' first movie with Tobey Maguire.","options":["2000","2002","2004","2006"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It grossed over $800 million."},{"id":"tf_5642","type":"tf","prompt":"The lithosphere is divided into about 15 major tectonic plates.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Seven primary, eight secondary plates."},{"id":"gty_11841","type":"gty","prompt":"The 'Black Sox Scandal' tarnishes the World Series when players conspire to fix games","options":["1919","1920","1918","1921"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Eight Chicago White Sox players were banned for life."},{"id":"tf_9333","type":"tf","prompt":"The extinct language Etruscan remains untranslated to this day.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Yes, it's only partially understood."},{"id":"gty_1718","type":"gty","prompt":"Severe famine in Ethiopia attributed to drought","options":["1978","1984","1990","1996"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Killed at least 400,000 people worldwide."},{"id":"tf_768","type":"tf","prompt":"Humans share about 98% of their DNA with chimpanzees.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Genetic similarity with chimps is approximately 98.8%."},{"id":"tf_10168","type":"tf","prompt":"Pluto's largest moon is Charon, which orbits upside down.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Charon orbits in a normal plane."},{"id":"gty_6908","type":"gty","prompt":"World of Warcraft released by Blizzard","options":["2002","2004","2006","2008"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Peaked at 12 million subscribers worldwide"},{"id":"tf_2024","type":"tf","prompt":"A year on Venus is shorter than a day on Venus.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Venus takes 225 Earth days to orbit, but 243 to rotate."},{"id":"gty_5315","type":"gty","prompt":"The Last dance documentary airs on ESPN about Michael Jordan","options":["2018","2019","2020","2021"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Huge ratings during early pandemic."},{"id":"tf_7213","type":"tf","prompt":"Neptune has a solid surface like Earth.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It's an ice giant with no defined crust."},{"id":"gty_2588","type":"gty","prompt":"Battle of the Somme (1916)","options":["1916","1914","1918","1917"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"First day had 57,000 British casualties."},{"id":"tf_11024","type":"tf","prompt":"The Ligurian tribes in ancient Italy lived in stone houses.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Ligurians lived in wooden huts."},{"id":"tf_6299","type":"tf","prompt":"Wind chill factor only affects living beings, not inanimate objects.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"True, it's about heat loss from skin; objects cool to air temp."},{"id":"gty_1724","type":"gty","prompt":"Black Saturday bushfires kill 173 in Australia","options":["2005","2009","2013","2017"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Worst bushfire in Australia's recorded history."},{"id":"tf_12657","type":"tf","prompt":"Temperature below 60°F can disrupt sleep quality.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Cool room promotes sleep, but extreme cold disrupts."},{"id":"tf_1467","type":"tf","prompt":"Meteorites are hotter when they hit the ground","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Meteorites are usually cold, not hot, upon impact."},{"id":"tf_7918","type":"tf","prompt":"The nail varnish was invented as a car paint remover accidentally used on nails.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Nail polish was invented from car paint but not remover."},{"id":"gty_5401","type":"gty","prompt":"'Parasite' makes history winning Best Picture","options":["2017","2018","2019","2020"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"First non-English Best Picture winner."},{"id":"tf_9156","type":"tf","prompt":"A single raindrop can contain thousands of microscopic organisms.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Rain typically washes microbes from the air."},{"id":"tf_3373","type":"tf","prompt":"Disneyland opened in 1955.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"It opened on July 17, 1955 in California."},{"id":"gty_12699","type":"gty","prompt":"The Beatles appear on The Ed Sullivan Show, marking their US debut.","options":["1962","1963","1964","1965"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"A record 73 million viewers watched the broadcast."},{"id":"gty_8286","type":"gty","prompt":"The first concert at Madison Square Garden by a major act","options":["1969","1970","1972","1976"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"The Doors performed legendary show."},{"id":"gty_4266","type":"gty","prompt":"The eruption of Mount Vesuvius burying Pompeii","options":["69","79","89","99"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Ash preserved city ruins for centuries."},{"id":"gty_14791","type":"gty","prompt":"OutKast's classic 'Speakerboxxx/The Love Below'","options":["2001","2002","2003","2004"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Won Album of the Year Grammy in 2004."},{"id":"tf_7377","type":"tf","prompt":"Linear B script was used for ancient Greek language.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Linear B deciphered as early Greek, 1500 BCE."},{"id":"gty_2117","type":"gty","prompt":"Titanic film release","options":["1995","1996","1997","1998"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Became first film to earn over $1 billion."},{"id":"tf_6913","type":"tf","prompt":"The artificial sweetener saccharin was discovered when a chemist forgot to wash his hands.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"He tasted sweet residue from coal tar on his fingers."},{"id":"tf_9450","type":"tf","prompt":"The 400m hurdles event has ten barriers.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Each lap has 10 hurdles."},{"id":"gty_771","type":"gty","prompt":"Signing of the Treaty of Versailles","options":["1917","1919","1921","1918"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Ended WWI, signed June 28, 1919."},{"id":"gty_5391","type":"gty","prompt":"First 'Harry Potter' film, 'Philosopher's Stone', premieres","options":["1999","2001","2002","2004"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Made Daniel Radcliffe an international star."},{"id":"tf_12734","type":"tf","prompt":"Platypus males have venomous spurs used during mating combat.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Venom can cause severe pain in humans."},{"id":"tf_2384","type":"tf","prompt":"Flamingos are born pink from eating shrimp.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Flamingos are born gray; diet turns them pink later."},{"id":"tf_1017","type":"tf","prompt":"The square root of 2 is an irrational number that was discovered by Hippasus, who was drowned for it.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Legend says Pythagoreans drowned him for revealing irrationals."},{"id":"tf_5355","type":"tf","prompt":"The Wagner tuba is a rare brass instrument originally designed for operatic use.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Wagner invented it for 'Der Ring des Nibelungen'."},{"id":"gty_4099","type":"gty","prompt":"Joe DiMaggio's 56-game hitting streak ends","options":["1941","1939","1943","1945"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Streak still a MLB record."},{"id":"tf_445","type":"tf","prompt":"The human brain weighs about 10 pounds.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Average is 3 pounds."},{"id":"tf_2910","type":"tf","prompt":"Red apples are heavier than green apples.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Weight varies by variety, not color alone."},{"id":"tf_10237","type":"tf","prompt":"Parasitic flukes can make fish swim to the surface for bird predators.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Yes, to complete their life cycle."},{"id":"gty_1091","type":"gty","prompt":"Christian Dior's 'New Look' debuts in Paris","options":["1947","1952","1941","1955"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Revolutionized post-war fashion with cinched waists and full skirts"},{"id":"tf_4347","type":"tf","prompt":"Ancient Greek has four different words for 'love'.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Agape, eros, philia, storge distinguish types of love."},{"id":"tf_1955","type":"tf","prompt":"Cats have been domesticated for over 10,000 years.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Neolithic burial sites show cats with humans 9,500 years ago."},{"id":"gty_8933","type":"gty","prompt":"The iconic little black dress is introduced by Coco Chanel.","options":["1926","1920","1932","1935"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Vogue called it 'the frock all will wear'."},{"id":"gty_1711","type":"gty","prompt":"Tri-State Tornado ravages Midwest U.S.","options":["1915","1925","1935","1945"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Killed 695 – deadliest U.S. tornado on record."},{"id":"tf_12195","type":"tf","prompt":"The world's longest lightning bolt spanned 500 miles.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Record over Brazil in 2020 at 477 miles."},{"id":"gty_4704","type":"gty","prompt":"Development of polio vaccine (injected)","options":["1955","1948","1963","1940"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Salk's vaccine was declared safe in 1955."},{"id":"tf_1940","type":"tf","prompt":"One teaspoon of a neutron star would weigh about a billion tons.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Neutron stars are incredibly dense, about a billion tons per teaspoon."},{"id":"tf_11628","type":"tf","prompt":"Eruptions can create new islands in the ocean.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Surtsey formed off Iceland in 1963."},{"id":"gty_3428","type":"gty","prompt":"First air mail service in the US","options":["1918","1915","1920","1925"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Route linked Washington DC and NYC."},{"id":"gty_13347","type":"gty","prompt":"Babe Ruth hits his record-breaking 60th home run in a season for the Yankees.","options":["1925","1927","1929","1931"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"The record stood until 1961."},{"id":"tf_6090","type":"tf","prompt":"The Soviet Luna 2 spacecraft crashed into the Moon in 1959.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"First human-made object to hit Moon."},{"id":"tf_12019","type":"tf","prompt":"Hair and nails stop growing after death.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Skin retracts, making them appear longer but growth stops."},{"id":"tf_12831","type":"tf","prompt":"Marine snow falls so slowly that a single particle can take weeks to reach the abyss.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Up to 2 km per day only."},{"id":"gty_3649","type":"gty","prompt":"Discovery of Neptune mathematically (Adams/Le Verrier)","options":["1846","1850","1840","1855"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Calculated before telescopically observed."},{"id":"tf_1272","type":"tf","prompt":"Rainbows are actually circles, not arcs.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"We see half from the ground."},{"id":"tf_8451","type":"tf","prompt":"Roman aqueducts relied solely on gravity to move water.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"No pumps used; gravity did all work."},{"id":"tf_340","type":"tf","prompt":"A firefly antenna length is linked to its light flash frequency.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Firefly flashes are species-specific but not linked to antenna length."},{"id":"gty_10196","type":"gty","prompt":"First television demonstration (John Logie Baird)","options":["1924","1926","1928","1930"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"He transmitted a flickering face image."},{"id":"gty_7766","type":"gty","prompt":"'Moonlight' wins Best Picture Oscar (after mix-up)","options":["2014","2015","2016","2017"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"'La La Land' mistakenly announced as winner first."},{"id":"tf_11407","type":"tf","prompt":"The first woman referee in the NFL was in 2015.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Sarah Thomas debuted that year."},{"id":"tf_9196","type":"tf","prompt":"The tapeworm can grow to over 30 feet inside a human intestine.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Largest tapeworms can reach 25m (over 80 feet) long."},{"id":"tf_8624","type":"tf","prompt":"A 1943 copper penny is worth over $100,000 today.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Most 1943 pennies were steel; copper ones are rare."},{"id":"gty_12650","type":"gty","prompt":"Commercial Space Suborbital Flight (SpaceShipOne)","options":["2002","2004","2006","2008"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"First private spacecraft exceeding 100 km."},{"id":"gty_7080","type":"gty","prompt":"Beatles' first film 'A Hard Day's Night' premieres","options":["1962","1964","1966","1968"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Innovative handheld cinematography by director Lester"},{"id":"gty_12199","type":"gty","prompt":"'The Office' (US) first episode airs on NBC.","options":["2003","2004","2005","2006"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"First season had only 6 episodes."},{"id":"tf_11226","type":"tf","prompt":"Adding salt to water raises its boiling point.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Salt elevates boiling point due to colligative properties."},{"id":"tf_11454","type":"tf","prompt":"The 'Ponzo illusion' makes two identical lines appear different lengths due to converging lines.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Perspective cues trick size perception."},{"id":"gty_14568","type":"gty","prompt":"The first Space Shuttle launch takes place","options":["1981","1980","1982","1983"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Space Shuttle Columbia flew on April 12."},{"id":"tf_11986","type":"tf","prompt":"Siphonophores can grow longer than a blue whale.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Colonial organisms can reach 46 meters."},{"id":"gty_11897","type":"gty","prompt":"The Hunger Games franchise begins","options":["2008","2010","2012","2014"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"First film earned $694 million globally."},{"id":"tf_3185","type":"tf","prompt":"The river Danube flows through more countries than any other river.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"True—Danube passes through 10 European countries, a record."},{"id":"gty_5426","type":"gty","prompt":"Mars orbiter MAVEN arrives at Mars","options":["2012","2014","2016","2018"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Studies the upper atmosphere of Mars."},{"id":"gty_1062","type":"gty","prompt":"E3 (Electronic Entertainment Expo) started","options":["1993","1995","1997","1999"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Replaced CES as major gaming event."},{"id":"gty_5903","type":"gty","prompt":"Battle of Hastings; Norman conquest of England","options":["1066","1080","1042","1100"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"It ended Anglo-Saxon dominance in England."},{"id":"gty_13627","type":"gty","prompt":"Development of the first malaria vaccine (RTS,S)","options":["2015","2010","2018","2005"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Approved by WHO for widespread use in children."},{"id":"gty_8731","type":"gty","prompt":"ISS Expedition 1 begins continuous habitation","options":["2000","2001","1999","2002"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"The ISS has been occupied ever since."},{"id":"gty_10240","type":"gty","prompt":"First woman appointed to US Supreme Court (Sandra Day O'Connor)","options":["1979","1981","1984","1991"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Nominated by President Ronald Reagan."},{"id":"gty_396","type":"gty","prompt":"Christopher Columbus born","options":["1451","1470","1440","1460"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Exact birth year debated."},{"id":"gty_12913","type":"gty","prompt":"Email services spawned: Hotmail founded free webmail","options":["1994","1996","1998","2000"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It united user, @, and domain for e-mail from any reader."},{"id":"tf_13407","type":"tf","prompt":"Plants only respond to gravity, wind, and light from one direction.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"They also respond to touch, chemical cues, and vibration."},{"id":"gty_314","type":"gty","prompt":"First person in space (Yuri Gagarin)","options":["1961","1959","1963","1960"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Orbited Earth once in 108 minutes."},{"id":"gty_9040","type":"gty","prompt":"The film 'The Wizard of Oz' premieres in Hollywood","options":["1937","1938","1939","1940"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"It was one of the first films in Technicolor."},{"id":"tf_6971","type":"tf","prompt":"The sum of the angles in a quadrilateral is 720 degrees.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It’s 360 degrees; 720 is for a hexagon."},{"id":"tf_12023","type":"tf","prompt":"Some people have 'heterochromia' causing two different eye colors.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"It’s caused by excess or lack of melanin in eyes."},{"id":"tf_9052","type":"tf","prompt":"The human thumb has a single muscle that controls both flexion and extension.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Opponens pollicis only flexes; extensor pollicis extends."},{"id":"tf_5092","type":"tf","prompt":"The Elamite language was completely unrelated to Sumerian.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Elamite is a language isolate, distinct from Sumerian."},{"id":"tf_8415","type":"tf","prompt":"A patient asked to discuss their emotional problems will get better during a major election.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Distraction from self-focus helps."},{"id":"gty_13376","type":"gty","prompt":"The first successful cloning of a mammal, Dolly the sheep, is announced","options":["1997","1996","1998","1995"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Dolly was cloned from an adult somatic cell."},{"id":"tf_7182","type":"tf","prompt":"Sunlight takes about 8 minutes to reach Earth.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Light travels at 299,792 km/s."},{"id":"gty_3019","type":"gty","prompt":"Crocs brand shoes are first launched.","options":["2000","2004","2008","2012"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Originally designed for boating enthusiasts."},{"id":"gty_7734","type":"gty","prompt":"Discovery of Neptune based on mathematical prediction","options":["1846","1840","1850","1835"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Leverrier and Adams calculated its orbit."},{"id":"gty_2300","type":"gty","prompt":"Chris McCandless died","options":["1992","1990","1995","1988"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Into the Wild story."},{"id":"gty_14361","type":"gty","prompt":"Fiat 500, iconic city car, first launched","options":["1955","1957","1960","1963"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"'Topolino' but this is the Nuova 500."},{"id":"tf_14696","type":"tf","prompt":"The gecko's ability to climb walls relies on van der Waals forces from millions of setae on its feet.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Gecko feet use setae creating van der Waals forces for adhesion."},{"id":"gty_5152","type":"gty","prompt":"Centre Pompidou opens in Paris","options":["1971","1975","1977","1981"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Inside-out design with colorful pipes."},{"id":"gty_7958","type":"gty","prompt":"First 'Call of Duty' video game released","options":["2001","2002","2003","2004"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Initiated a massive franchise."},{"id":"tf_5033","type":"tf","prompt":"A cookiecutter shark leaves circular plug holes in larger marine animals.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"It bites smooth, cookie-sized chunks from whales and fish."},{"id":"gty_9851","type":"gty","prompt":"John F. Kennedy assassinated while riding in a motorcade in Dallas, Texas","options":["1963","1962","1964","1961"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested."},{"id":"tf_8675","type":"tf","prompt":"Daylight saving time changes increase heart attack rates by 24% the following Monday.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Increase is about 24% reported but debated."},{"id":"gty_14964","type":"gty","prompt":"The first chocolate bar is produced in England","options":["1835","1847","1852","1861"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"J.S. Fry & Sons made the first molded bar."},{"id":"tf_8734","type":"tf","prompt":"The color coral is a shade of blue.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Coral is pinkish-orange, not blue."},{"id":"tf_157","type":"tf","prompt":"A shrimp's heart is in its tail.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Actually, a shrimp's heart is in its head."},{"id":"gty_9453","type":"gty","prompt":"'The Dark Knight' released in theaters","options":["2006","2008","2010","2012"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Heath Ledger won posthumous Oscar."},{"id":"gty_3420","type":"gty","prompt":"First escalator installed at Coney Island","options":["1896","1890","1898","1900"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Called 'inclined elevator' by Jesse Reno."},{"id":"gty_1831","type":"gty","prompt":"Stephen Hawking born in Oxford, scientist and author","options":["1942","1938","1945","1935"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Hawking wrote 'A Brief History of Time'. ALS patient."},{"id":"gty_15009","type":"gty","prompt":"First Segway personal transporter revealed","options":["2001","2003","2005","2007"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Invented by Dean Kamen using gyroscopes."},{"id":"gty_1364","type":"gty","prompt":"First pocket watch invented by Peter Henlein.","options":["1500","1510","1524","1535"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Called 'Nuremberg eggs'."},{"id":"gty_6419","type":"gty","prompt":"The Zaha Hadid-designed MAXXI museum opens","options":["2010","2009","2011","2008"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"MAXXI is the Italian acronym for 21st-century art."},{"id":"tf_3656","type":"tf","prompt":"A mole can dig a tunnel up to 300 feet a day.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"They dig only about 15-20 feet per day."},{"id":"tf_11870","type":"tf","prompt":"The artificial sweetener saccharin was discovered by accident in a lab experiment.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Forgot to wash hands, tasted sweet residue."},{"id":"tf_5625","type":"tf","prompt":"Lava from a volcano can be blue.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Common lava is red/orange; blue from combustion."},{"id":"gty_8509","type":"gty","prompt":"First effective heart pacemaker (external wearable) invented","options":["1925","1930","1937","1942"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Hyman invented the first pacemaker in 1937 for cardiac resuscitation."},{"id":"gty_14882","type":"gty","prompt":"The launch of the Chandra X-ray Observatory","options":["1999","1998","2000","1997"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"It studies black holes and galaxy clusters."},{"id":"tf_6371","type":"tf","prompt":"The language of the Guanche people of the Canary Islands is extinct but well-recorded.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"False, only fragments and place names remain."},{"id":"tf_1961","type":"tf","prompt":"A sneeze can travel up to 100 mph.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Air exhaled at high speed."},{"id":"gty_4338","type":"gty","prompt":"First regular airmail service began","options":["1911","1915","1918","1921"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"US service between Washington and NYC."},{"id":"gty_2576","type":"gty","prompt":"Completion of the Hoover Dam","options":["1931","1934","1936","1939"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Formerly Boulder Dam; world's largest when built."},{"id":"gty_8148","type":"gty","prompt":"Kit Kat chocolate bar launched in the UK","options":["1935","1940","1929","1943"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Original name was 'Chocolate Crisp'."},{"id":"gty_10376","type":"gty","prompt":"Gherkin (30 St Mary Axe) opened in London","options":["2001","2003","2005","2008"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Foster's energy-efficient skyscraper."},{"id":"tf_1182","type":"tf","prompt":"The largest pyramid by volume is not in Egypt but in Mexico.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Great Pyramid of Cholula is largest."},{"id":"tf_13163","type":"tf","prompt":"Rest strokes in guitar produce more volume than free strokes.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Both can be adjusted; free strokes are often louder."},{"id":"gty_4380","type":"gty","prompt":"Invention of the ophthalmoscope for eye exams","options":["1847","1850","1853","1856"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Hermann von Helmholtz invented this device in 1850."},{"id":"gty_928","type":"gty","prompt":"Gatorade is invented at the University of Florida.","options":["1965","1955","1975","1960"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Initially called 'Gatorade' vs 'Green Dye No. 2'."},{"id":"gty_4168","type":"gty","prompt":"'Star Wars: A New Hope' was released in which year?","options":["1977","1978","1976","1980"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Fox almost didn't distribute it."},{"id":"gty_10879","type":"gty","prompt":"The first keyboard (for writing) was patented by Christopher Sholes.","options":["1866","1868","1870","1872"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It was the QWERTY layout designed to prevent jams."},{"id":"gty_8396","type":"gty","prompt":"Deep Space 1 launched as test of ion drive","options":["1996","1998","2000","2002"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"First use of ion propulsion in space."},{"id":"tf_6165","type":"tf","prompt":"Mantis shrimp punch with speed of a bullet.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Their clubs accelerate under water."},{"id":"tf_9315","type":"tf","prompt":"Snow can fall when temperature above freezing at ground level.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"If the higher air cold, snow melts just before ground."},{"id":"tf_10266","type":"tf","prompt":"Capers are actually pickled flower buds.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"True. Capers are unopened flower buds preserved in brine."},{"id":"gty_10259","type":"gty","prompt":"First one-day international (ODI) cricket match played","options":["1969","1971","1973","1975"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Australia vs England at Melbourne Cricket Ground."},{"id":"gty_13479","type":"gty","prompt":"The Yellow River flood in 1887 kills upwards of 2 million","options":["1842","1887","1895","1901"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It is considered one of the deadliest natural disasters ever."},{"id":"gty_3954","type":"gty","prompt":"Nintendo Game Boy is released in Japan","options":["1987","1988","1989","1990"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Sold over 118 million units."},{"id":"gty_6507","type":"gty","prompt":"The first successful flight by the Wright brothers","options":["1903","1901","1905","1900"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Orville piloted the flight at Kill Devil Hills."},{"id":"tf_8410","type":"tf","prompt":"People read faster if the text is set in a difficult-to-read 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US","options":["2010","2011","2012","2013"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Over 100 million users after launch"},{"id":"tf_2162","type":"tf","prompt":"The Arctic Ocean is the saltiest ocean on Earth.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"The Atlantic Ocean is the saltiest, not the Arctic."},{"id":"tf_13062","type":"tf","prompt":"Adding lemon juice to cut apples prevents browning.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Acid slows enzyme oxidation."},{"id":"tf_8372","type":"tf","prompt":"A ultra-marathon runner once won a 100-mile race wearing flip-flops.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"None have won major race with flip-flops."},{"id":"gty_11726","type":"gty","prompt":"cashmere sweaters became luxury must-haves","options":["1924","1920","1930","1928"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Named after Kashmir region goats"},{"id":"tf_2057","type":"tf","prompt":"Pandas do not hibernate due to the lack of enough nutrition from 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Phoenicians introduced purple dye from murex shells.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"This dye was extremely valuable in antiquity."},{"id":"gty_8020","type":"gty","prompt":"'Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone' released on screen","options":["2000","2001","2002","2003"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Child actors grew up, portraying their characters for a decade."},{"id":"gty_7099","type":"gty","prompt":"Final Season of 'Friends' airs in the US","options":["2002","2003","2004","2005"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Rubble leaves key under mat, fans cry"},{"id":"gty_2177","type":"gty","prompt":"JAXA's Hayabusa2 returns asteroid samples","options":["2018","2019","2020","2021"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Samples from Ryugu arrived in Dec 2020."},{"id":"tf_201","type":"tf","prompt":"Bats are blind.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Bats can see, but many use echolocation."},{"id":"gty_1859","type":"gty","prompt":"First Ford Model T rolls off assembly line.","options":["1908","1910","1906","1912"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Revolutionized car production and affordability."},{"id":"tf_1560","type":"tf","prompt":"A photon can be both a particle and a wave.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"It exhibits wave-particle duality."},{"id":"gty_6808","type":"gty","prompt":"Rum and Coke (Cuba Libre) is said to have originated during the Spanish-American War","options":["1898","1900","1895","1905"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":null},{"id":"tf_12232","type":"tf","prompt":"Some languages have no words for numbers beyond two.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Pirahã and others lack counting words past two."},{"id":"gty_11797","type":"gty","prompt":"The final 'Harry Potter' novel is published","options":["2005","2006","2007","2008"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Sold 11 million copies in first 24 hours."},{"id":"gty_11215","type":"gty","prompt":"Brooklyn Bridge opened to 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premiere in 3D","options":["2007","2008","2009","2010"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Highest-grossing film until 'Endgame'."},{"id":"gty_14855","type":"gty","prompt":"The Hubble Space Telescope launched","options":["1990","1986","1993","1988"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"It was named after astronomer Edwin Hubble."},{"id":"tf_10686","type":"tf","prompt":"Silk was traded from China to Europe worth more than gold.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Silk was a luxury equal to gold's weight."},{"id":"gty_10793","type":"gty","prompt":"The Nintendo Wii was released in North America","options":["2004","2006","2008","2010"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Becoming a huge hit with its motion controls."},{"id":"gty_3051","type":"gty","prompt":"Neon-colored clothing becomes a staple in 1980s fashion.","options":["1982","1985","1988","1991"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Spandex and day-glo combo was wild."},{"id":"gty_2407","type":"gty","prompt":"First use of chemotherapy 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1920s."},{"id":"gty_4499","type":"gty","prompt":"Britney Spears '...Baby One More Time' released","options":["1997","1998","1999","2000"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Teen pop anthem."},{"id":"tf_13583","type":"tf","prompt":"The safety glass was found when a flask of cellulose nitrate broke but held together.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Benedictus dropped and noticed shatterlessness."},{"id":"gty_909","type":"gty","prompt":"Charles Dickens born","options":["1812","1809","1815","1806"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Born in Portsmouth, England to a navy pay clerk."},{"id":"gty_13026","type":"gty","prompt":"'Schindler's List' is released, winning Best Picture","options":["1992","1993","1994","1995"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Spielberg's film is in black and white."},{"id":"gty_4277","type":"gty","prompt":"The first transatlantic telegraph cable completed","options":["1856","1858","1860","1866"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Failed after few weeks but later improved."},{"id":"tf_7307","type":"tf","prompt":"Red snow is caused by algae called Chlamydomonas nivalis.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"This algae creates a red pigment in cold environments."},{"id":"tf_6814","type":"tf","prompt":"Sleep deprivation permanently shrinks the brain.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Brain volume recovers after adequate sleep."},{"id":"tf_12777","type":"tf","prompt":"The Babinski test checks for normal reflex.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"False, it tests brain function."},{"id":"gty_13418","type":"gty","prompt":"founding of the soviet union","options":["1920","1921","1922","1923"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Treaty of Creation joined republics."},{"id":"tf_11080","type":"tf","prompt":"The spine has more vertebrae than the average person has ribs.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Spine has 33 vertebrae, ribs have 12 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occurs","options":["1967","1969","1971","1973"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"500,000 people attended."},{"id":"gty_7316","type":"gty","prompt":"Gucci becomes associated with the 'Tom Ford style' in Milan","options":["1992","1994","1996","1998"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Tom Ford debuted as creative director of Gucci in 1994."},{"id":"tf_11465","type":"tf","prompt":"The 'Mandela effect' proves that memory is always accurate for public events.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Collective false memories are common."},{"id":"tf_251","type":"tf","prompt":"Plant-based milk has more calcium than dairy milk.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Fortified plant milk may have, but not naturally."},{"id":"tf_7984","type":"tf","prompt":"The Aksumite Empire minted coins made of pure platinum.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Aksumite coins were gold, silver, and bronze only."},{"id":"gty_6134","type":"gty","prompt":"Dick Fosbury wins high jump gold with his 'Fosbury Flop' at Mexico City Games","options":["1966","1967","1968","1969"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"The innovation changed the jump and his name immortalized decades later."},{"id":"tf_6551","type":"tf","prompt":"The Colossus of Rhodes was a lighthouse, not a statue.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It was a giant statue of the sun god Helios."},{"id":"gty_12304","type":"gty","prompt":"The Voltaic pile, first electric battery, invented","options":["1800","1795","1805","1810"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Alessandro Volta created it in 1800."},{"id":"gty_1387","type":"gty","prompt":"Gatorade was invented at University of Florida.","options":["1965","1962","1968","1970"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Created to help football players with electrolytes in heat."},{"id":"tf_297","type":"tf","prompt":"Plants 'scream' ultrasonic clicks when stressed.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Tomato plants emit sounds undetectable to humans."},{"id":"gty_11465","type":"gty","prompt":"Mount Pinatubo eruption in the Philippines","options":["1991","1989","1993","1987"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Second-largest eruption of 20th century; cooled global climate."},{"id":"gty_9569","type":"gty","prompt":"French's mustard was introduced for the World's Fair","options":["1900","1902","1904","1906"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Launched in 1904 at the St. Louis World's Fair as a smooth mustard."},{"id":"tf_8912","type":"tf","prompt":"Some cacti have a spiral arrangement of areoles matching Fibonacci numbers.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Cactus spines often align in Fibonacci spirals for water collection."},{"id":"gty_2841","type":"gty","prompt":"The first complete map of the world printed (Cosa's map partly)","options":["1498","1500","1502","1504"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Showed the New World discovered by Columbus."},{"id":"tf_2125","type":"tf","prompt":"The pyramids were built by slaves.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"They were built by paid workers."},{"id":"tf_1739","type":"tf","prompt":"Cleopatra was the last pharaoh of Egypt.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"She ruled until Roman annexation."},{"id":"tf_5688","type":"tf","prompt":"Snoring always indicates sleep apnea.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Snoring is common and often harmless."},{"id":"tf_11344","type":"tf","prompt":"Equal temperament tuning makes all intervals slightly impure for key flexibility.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Equal temperament trades purity for key freedom."},{"id":"gty_12853","type":"gty","prompt":"Amazon.com is founded by Jeff Bezos.","options":["1994","1995","1993","1996"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Initially an online bookstore; became biggest retailer."},{"id":"tf_9170","type":"tf","prompt":"The only mammal that can truly fly is the bat.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Bats are the only mammals with powered flight, not gliding."},{"id":"tf_4650","type":"tf","prompt":"Tomatoes share more than 90% of their DNA with humans","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Tomatoes share about 60% of DNA with humans."},{"id":"gty_2050","type":"gty","prompt":"The iPod is first released by Apple","options":["2001","2000","2002","1999"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Original held 1,000 songs in your pocket."},{"id":"gty_13598","type":"gty","prompt":"The first electric trolley system in the US opens.","options":["1888","1890","1885","1892"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Richmond, Virginia was first."},{"id":"gty_12041","type":"gty","prompt":"Manolo Blahnik shoes become status symbols thanks to 'Sex and City'.","options":["1998","2000","2002","2004"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Carrie's style obsession revolutionized high heel footwear."},{"id":"tf_9143","type":"tf","prompt":"Jupiter's moon Io is the most volcanically active body.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Tidal heating from Jupiter powers eruptions."},{"id":"gty_10120","type":"gty","prompt":"The first design patent for a clothing item (a dress) is granted in US","options":["1842","1845","1848","1851"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Protected design, not function."},{"id":"gty_14099","type":"gty","prompt":"Google acquires YouTube for $1.65 billion","options":["2004","2006","2008","2010"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"YouTube monetization changed online video content."},{"id":"gty_485","type":"gty","prompt":"First powered airship flight by Henri Giffard","options":["1852","1855","1849","1858"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Steam-powered, flew 17 miles."},{"id":"gty_5319","type":"gty","prompt":"Minnesota Orchestra founded","options":["1900","1901","1902","1903"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Originally called Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra."},{"id":"gty_12691","type":"gty","prompt":"first cloned mammal Dolly the sheep born.","options":["1996","1993","1998","1995"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Roslin Institute used somatic cell nuclear transfer."},{"id":"gty_12370","type":"gty","prompt":"First successful kidney transplant between living patients","options":["1954","1947","1960","1939"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"The donor and recipient were identical twins."},{"id":"gty_3292","type":"gty","prompt":"First chemotherapy drug used (mustine for cancer)","options":["1940","1942","1944","1946"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Based on nitrogen mustard gas from war."},{"id":"tf_13553","type":"tf","prompt":"Elephants communicate using infrasound that humans can hear easily.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Infrasound is below human hearing range."},{"id":"gty_10648","type":"gty","prompt":"Voyager 2 explores Uranus","options":["1984","1986","1988","1990"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Discovered 10 new moons."},{"id":"tf_11132","type":"tf","prompt":"The Soviet Luna 16 mission successfully returned a piece of Mars' moon Phobos to Earth.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Luna 16 retrieved Moon soil, not Phobos."},{"id":"gty_8958","type":"gty","prompt":"Georges Claude opens the first competitive street fashion store: Margiela? The debut collection influences deconstruction.","options":["1989","1988","1990","1987"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Refers to Martin Margiela show labeled atypical."},{"id":"gty_6610","type":"gty","prompt":"Columbine High School shooting","options":["1997","1998","1999","2000"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Two students killed and injured many."},{"id":"gty_13527","type":"gty","prompt":"Oscar Wilde dies.","options":["1900","1895","1905","1898"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"He wrote 'The Picture of Dorian Gray'."},{"id":"gty_2558","type":"gty","prompt":"The formal leotard for dancers designed by ballet star Loie Fuller","options":["1890","1885","1900","1878"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Used silky movements in serpentine dance."},{"id":"gty_10985","type":"gty","prompt":"'E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial' is released.","options":["1980","1981","1982","1983"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"It became the highest-grossing film of the 1980s."},{"id":"tf_12856","type":"tf","prompt":"The chimney structures of hydrothermal vents never exceed 10 meters in height.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Some reach over 30 meters tall."},{"id":"gty_12387","type":"gty","prompt":"Birth of first genetically modified monkey, 'ANDi'","options":["2000","1995","2002","1998"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"ANDi stands for 'inserted DNA' spelled backward."},{"id":"gty_11217","type":"gty","prompt":"Stonehenge construction begun","options":["-3000","-2500","-2000","-3500"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"The bluestones were transported 240 miles from Wales."},{"id":"gty_10159","type":"gty","prompt":"The first fiber-optic cable for telecommunications is laid","options":["1975","1977","1979","1981"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It used light pulses for high data capacity."},{"id":"gty_5162","type":"gty","prompt":"Forbidden City construction starts in Beijing","options":["1402","1406","1410","1414"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Took 14 years, 1 million workers."},{"id":"tf_7062","type":"tf","prompt":"The Minoans used a writing system called Linear B.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Linear B was used by Mycenaeans, not Minoans."},{"id":"tf_7389","type":"tf","prompt":"The oldest manuscript of the Bible is in Hebrew.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"The Dead Sea Scrolls are mainly in Hebrew and Aramaic."},{"id":"gty_12471","type":"gty","prompt":"Michael Jackson releases 'Thriller', the best-selling album of all time","options":["1979","1982","1984","1986"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Thriller's music video redefined pop culture."},{"id":"tf_2366","type":"tf","prompt":"Venus is the closest planet to Earth.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Mercury is closest on average over time."},{"id":"gty_8038","type":"gty","prompt":"'Buffy the Vampire Slayer' televised horror dramedy debuts very iconic","options":["1995","1996","1997","1998"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Sarah Michelle Gellar had knife lesson trained from cast hockey."},{"id":"tf_5283","type":"tf","prompt":"A dry thunderstorm occurs when rain evaporates before hitting the ground.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Dry thunderstorms produce lightning but no precipitation at surface."},{"id":"tf_11512","type":"tf","prompt":"The Pyramids of Giza were originally covered in polished limestone that made them shine like mirrors.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"White Tura limestone casing once covered them."},{"id":"gty_3254","type":"gty","prompt":"TV show 'The Wire' first episode airs on HBO","options":["2000","2001","2002","2003"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Baltimore crime drama praised for realism"},{"id":"gty_13606","type":"gty","prompt":"The first successful zeppelin flight.","options":["1900","1898","1902","1905"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Led by Ferdinand von Zeppelin."},{"id":"tf_4864","type":"tf","prompt":"The Arctic tern’s migration ends in the same Antarctic rookery as penguins.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"False: They go to open ocean, not rookeries."},{"id":"tf_5456","type":"tf","prompt":"Olympic swimmers can be disqualified for breaking the water's surface too early.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Breaking surface early in starts or turns leads to DQ."},{"id":"tf_3116","type":"tf","prompt":"The South Pole is colder than the North Pole.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Antarctica is higher and land, not floating ice."},{"id":"gty_3048","type":"gty","prompt":"Fashion blog influencer culture originates; personal blogs gain traction.","options":["1999","2003","2007","2011"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Blogging about street style, notably NYC."},{"id":"gty_5071","type":"gty","prompt":"Moo Shu Pork popularized in the West. Actually, the first ingredient was Renn (invalid) First known use of cheese making, found via pots; years: choose plausible range","options":["7000","8000","5000","8500"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Found in 7000 BCE in Jericho?"},{"id":"tf_5447","type":"tf","prompt":"The 400 meter hurdles event has existed since the first modern Olympics in 1896.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"400m hurdles was introduced in 1900, not in 1896."},{"id":"tf_3592","type":"tf","prompt":"Jellyfish have hearts.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Jellyfish lack a circulatory system."},{"id":"gty_449","type":"gty","prompt":"Nutella first launched in Italy by Pietro Ferrero","options":["1946","1949","1943","1952"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Originally solid block; later made spreadable."},{"id":"gty_5179","type":"gty","prompt":"Facebook launches as 'TheFacebook'","options":["2002","2004","2006","2008"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Originally limited to Harvard students only."},{"id":"gty_119","type":"gty","prompt":"Discovery of the male contraceptive pill concept","options":["1949","1959","1969","1979"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Yet still not widely available market over 50 years later."},{"id":"tf_9301","type":"tf","prompt":"The heaviest rain on record occurred in 21 minutes in 1975.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"24 inches in 21 min at the Barotonga, India."},{"id":"tf_8934","type":"tf","prompt":"The coconut octopus carries coconut shells for defense.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"It uses tools to hide from predators."},{"id":"tf_6722","type":"tf","prompt":"During the Mongol Empire, a paper currency system collapsed due to inflation.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Overprinting led to hyperinflation in Mongol China by 1300s."},{"id":"tf_6058","type":"tf","prompt":"Head louse infection is a sign of poor hygiene.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Lice prefer clean hair for easy attachment."},{"id":"tf_7478","type":"tf","prompt":"The youngest Olympic gold medalist was 9 years old.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Youngest gold medalist is 13-year-old skateboarder Momiji Nishiya."},{"id":"gty_11815","type":"gty","prompt":"Kurt Cobain dies, end of Nirvana","options":["1992","1993","1994","1995"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"His death sparked global mourning."},{"id":"gty_10581","type":"gty","prompt":"The invention of the printing press by Gutenberg","options":["1440","1450","1460","1470"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Around 1440 in Europe."},{"id":"gty_6412","type":"gty","prompt":"The Monte Albán is founded by the Zapotecs","options":["-500","-600","-400","-700"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"It was a major pre-Columbian city."},{"id":"tf_4453","type":"tf","prompt":"Women's Olympic boxing began in 2012 with three weight classes.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Debut in London, increased to five by 2020."},{"id":"tf_5377","type":"tf","prompt":"All western music is based on the diatonic scale system.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Pentatonic and chromatic scales also used."},{"id":"tf_7799","type":"tf","prompt":"Your circadian rhythm age adjusts as you get older.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Older adults often become morning larks."},{"id":"gty_5739","type":"gty","prompt":"Newton publishes 'Principia Mathematica' including gravity.","options":["1683","1687","1691","1695"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Formulated laws of universal gravitation."},{"id":"gty_3765","type":"gty","prompt":"First iPod released","options":["1999","2000","2001","2002"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Apple's portable music player changed listening habits."},{"id":"gty_8985","type":"gty","prompt":"First touchscreen invented by E.A. Johnson at Royal Radar Establishment","options":["1965","1968","1971","1962"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Used capacitive sensing; limited to radar operator consoles."},{"id":"tf_11330","type":"tf","prompt":"Sound travels faster in lower density materials.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Sound travels faster in denser, stiffer materials."},{"id":"tf_1399","type":"tf","prompt":"The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"True, covering about 30% of Earth's surface."},{"id":"tf_10148","type":"tf","prompt":"An astronaut's sense of smell is dulled in space.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Fluid shifts cause nasal congestion in microgravity."},{"id":"tf_10238","type":"tf","prompt":"Cyanobacteria are multicellular organisms.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"False, they are unicellular or form filaments."},{"id":"gty_3435","type":"gty","prompt":"First interstate highway system established in US","options":["1956","1950","1960","1953"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Eisenhower signed the Federal-Aid Highway Act."},{"id":"tf_8554","type":"tf","prompt":"All cacti have spines that are modified stems, not leaves.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Spines are modified leaves."},{"id":"tf_6030","type":"tf","prompt":"Humans can be infected by a ‘kissing bug’ that causes fatal heart inflammation.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Triatoma bug transmits Chagas disease, leads to cardiomyopathy."},{"id":"tf_4879","type":"tf","prompt":"Male frogs croak in synchronized choruses to confuse predators despite individual calls.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"True: Synchrony makes location harder for predators."},{"id":"tf_13050","type":"tf","prompt":"Miso paste is made from fermented soybeans only.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Miso can include rice or barley."},{"id":"tf_4949","type":"tf","prompt":"The ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter is irrational in non-Euclidean geometry.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Pi's irrationality depends on Euclidean geometry."},{"id":"tf_4615","type":"tf","prompt":"A potato plant produces berries that are toxic to humans","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Potato berries contain solanine and are poisonous."},{"id":"tf_6150","type":"tf","prompt":"Velvet worms shoot sticky slime to trap prey.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Their slime hardens instantly."},{"id":"tf_12146","type":"tf","prompt":"Drinking milk after eating spicy food intensifies the burning sensation.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Milk casein binds capsaicin, reducing heat."},{"id":"gty_11845","type":"gty","prompt":"The 'Fosbury Flop' high jump technique debuts at the Olympics, winning gold for Dick Fosbury","options":["1968","1972","1964","1966"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Fosbury won gold in Mexico City with a back-first technique."},{"id":"gty_8265","type":"gty","prompt":"Battle of Actium (Roman civil war victory)","options":["31","30","32","29"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra at sea."},{"id":"gty_976","type":"gty","prompt":"First transcontinental railroad completed in US.","options":["1869","1867","1871","1873"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"The golden spike ceremony united it."},{"id":"gty_8414","type":"gty","prompt":"The first human spaceflight by Yuri Gagarin.","options":["1959","1960","1961","1962"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Orbited Earth for 108 minutes April 12."},{"id":"gty_12400","type":"gty","prompt":"First cochlear implant surgically inserted to restore partial hearing in a patient","options":["1984","1980","1987","1982"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Patient heard speech patterns with device in brain."},{"id":"gty_6290","type":"gty","prompt":"James Dean dies","options":["1953","1955","1957","1959"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Crash near Cholame, California at age 24."},{"id":"tf_1971","type":"tf","prompt":"There are more possible iterations of chess games than atoms in the universe.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Shannon number estimates 10^120 games."},{"id":"gty_10208","type":"gty","prompt":"The death of Osama bin Laden","options":["2009","2011","2013","2015"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"US Navy SEALs raided compound in Pakistan."},{"id":"gty_1907","type":"gty","prompt":"First successful face transplant","options":["2005","2008","2003","2010"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Performed in France on Isabelle Dinoire."},{"id":"gty_1222","type":"gty","prompt":"Watergate scandal (Nixon resigns)","options":["1972","1974","1976","1978"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Nixon resigned on August 8, 1974."},{"id":"gty_10447","type":"gty","prompt":"Poodle skirts are a popular juvenile fad in America","options":["1950","1948","1952","1955"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Inspired by Dior's New Look in Paris"},{"id":"tf_5548","type":"tf","prompt":"The Pyramids of Giza were originally covered in polished brass.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"They were covered in white limestone casing."},{"id":"tf_4805","type":"tf","prompt":"Alcohol before bed reduces deep sleep.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Suppresses REM and deep sleep."},{"id":"gty_6206","type":"gty","prompt":"Fall of the Soviet Union: independent republics declared","options":["1989","1991","1992","1993"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Moscow's loss of control over most former USSR."},{"id":"gty_3636","type":"gty","prompt":"Sending first chemical bond structure (formaldehyde) by RM Ranshaw? Actually first to build model -> maybe? Let’s use: Discovery of Buckyballs (C60)","options":["1985","1990","1975","1995"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"It was first discovered as carbon cage molecule."},{"id":"tf_2198","type":"tf","prompt":"Earth experiences approximately 50 active lightning storms daily worldwide.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"About 44 lightning storms per second average, around 50 daily."},{"id":"tf_13786","type":"tf","prompt":"The Indus Valley had public baths used for steam baths.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Great Bath of Mohenjo-daro was for ritual and steam."},{"id":"gty_14494","type":"gty","prompt":"Discovery of the first black hole, Cygnus X-1","options":["1971","1964","1976","1968"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Identified by X-ray emission in Cygnus constellation."},{"id":"tf_13226","type":"tf","prompt":"Equestrian events are the only Olympic sport where men and women compete together individually.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Men and women compete without gender segregation."},{"id":"tf_13412","type":"tf","prompt":"The Mycelial network of a fungus operates similarly to a neural network.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Interconnected mycelium transport electrical and chemical signals akin to synapses."},{"id":"tf_9373","type":"tf","prompt":"A decibel is a unit of loudness based on logarithmic ratio.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"It compares sound intensity logarithmically."},{"id":"tf_7042","type":"tf","prompt":"Most deep-sea vents are found in the Atlantic Ocean.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"They're more common in Pacific ridges."},{"id":"gty_5070","type":"gty","prompt":"First frozen peas marketed by Clarence Birdseye.","options":["1926","1930","1920","1935"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":null},{"id":"tf_7164","type":"tf","prompt":"The Kuiper Belt is beyond Neptune's orbit.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Yes, it's a region of icy bodies."},{"id":"tf_454","type":"tf","prompt":"The Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Antarctica is larger, cold desert."},{"id":"gty_4282","type":"gty","prompt":"The end of the Cold War (official Soviet dissolution)","options":["1989","1990","1991","1992"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Gorbachev resigned on December 25."},{"id":"tf_9200","type":"tf","prompt":"The human lower back has 6 vertebrae in some individuals.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Most have 5 lumbar vertebrae, variation occurs but rare."},{"id":"tf_10376","type":"tf","prompt":"The 528 Hz frequency is scientifically proven to heal DNA.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"No credible studies show frequency repairs biological material."},{"id":"tf_10948","type":"tf","prompt":"Black smokers are hydrothermal vents that emit very cold, dark fluid.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"They emit superheated, mineral-rich black fluid, not cold."},{"id":"tf_11509","type":"tf","prompt":"The longest tunnel in the world is under the English Channel.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"The Gotthard Base Tunnel in Switzerland is longer."},{"id":"tf_6321","type":"tf","prompt":"The word 'set' has the most definitions of any word in the English language.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Yes, with over 400 definitions in the OED."},{"id":"gty_6538","type":"gty","prompt":"Bruce Springsteen's 'Born to Run' album released","options":["1973","1975","1977","1979"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It made him a superstar and is a classic rock staple."},{"id":"tf_1864","type":"tf","prompt":"The Earth has more than one moon.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It has one permanent moon; occasional minimoons exist."},{"id":"tf_6258","type":"tf","prompt":"Artificial butter flavor contains diacetyl which is harmful to inhale.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Diacetyl causes lung disease 'popcorn lung'."},{"id":"tf_14500","type":"tf","prompt":"Melatonin supplements can reset the internal clock instantly.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"They provide a gentle cue only."},{"id":"gty_13277","type":"gty","prompt":"First smartphone, IBM Simon, introduced","options":["1992","1994","1990","1996"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Had touchscreen, email, and apps."},{"id":"gty_13202","type":"gty","prompt":"TikTok launches internationally, reshaping short video trends","options":["2016","2018","2020","2022"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It merged with Musical.ly to gain traction."},{"id":"gty_14322","type":"gty","prompt":"Ford Motor Company introduces the Model T","options":["1906","1908","1910","1912"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It cost $850 initially, affordable due to assembly line."},{"id":"gty_11862","type":"gty","prompt":"Production of synthetic insulin via recombinant DNA","options":["1975","1978","1982","1985"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"First biotech drug approved for diabetes"},{"id":"tf_10103","type":"tf","prompt":"Tears have different chemical compositions based on emotion.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Stress tears contain higher protein levels."},{"id":"gty_4874","type":"gty","prompt":"Lionel Messi wins his first Ballon d'Or","options":["2007","2009","2011","2013"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"He has won the award seven times overall."},{"id":"gty_4577","type":"gty","prompt":"Alexandria hurricane in Egypt","options":["1997","1996","1998","1995"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Rare storm, causing floods."},{"id":"gty_1076","type":"gty","prompt":"The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time released","options":["1996","1998","2000","2002"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Considered one of best games ever."},{"id":"tf_1736","type":"tf","prompt":"Wombats do not have pouches.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Their pouches face backward."},{"id":"gty_384","type":"gty","prompt":"First earthquake measured on Richter scale","options":["1933","1935","1937","1939"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Charles Richter developed the scale in 1935."},{"id":"gty_4186","type":"gty","prompt":"'Buffy the Vampire Slayer' TV series started airing.","options":["1997","1998","1996","1999"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Movie flopped but series became iconic."},{"id":"gty_5573","type":"gty","prompt":"First satellite Sputnik launched","options":["1955","1957","1958","1960"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Beeped from orbit for 21 days."},{"id":"tf_2620","type":"tf","prompt":"Diamonds are made of pure carbon.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Same element as graphite, different structure."},{"id":"tf_5876","type":"tf","prompt":"The probability of flipping heads on a fair coin is exactly 50% every time.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Independent coin flips have constant 1/2 probability."},{"id":"gty_7516","type":"gty","prompt":"First microwave oven for home use (Tappan company)","options":["1955","1968","1947","1967"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"It was larger than a refrigerator, $1,300."},{"id":"tf_12780","type":"tf","prompt":"A Cat's cradle string figure has mathematical roots.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"True, involves graph theory."},{"id":"tf_1504","type":"tf","prompt":"Kangaroos can walk backwards.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"False, they cannot walk backwards."},{"id":"gty_7712","type":"gty","prompt":"The first Formula 1 World Championship race is held","options":["1948","1950","1952","1954"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"The Silverstone Circuit hosted on May 13."},{"id":"tf_3259","type":"tf","prompt":"The Amazon River once flowed in the opposite direction.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Geological shifts reversed its flow."},{"id":"tf_4033","type":"tf","prompt":"The human sense of smell is weaker than that of most mammals.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Mammals often have more olfactory receptors."},{"id":"tf_3596","type":"tf","prompt":"Human eyes have more rod cells than cone cells.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Rods dominate for low-light vision."},{"id":"tf_13987","type":"tf","prompt":"Kombucha's health benefits are mostly due to its acidity level.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Probiotics and antioxidants are main health components."},{"id":"gty_12110","type":"gty","prompt":"Daft Punk's album 'Random Access Memories' releases","options":["2011","2012","2013","2014"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Won Album of the Year at 2014 Grammys."},{"id":"tf_3883","type":"tf","prompt":"Water boils at 100°C at sea level.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It boils at 100°C at standard pressure, usually at sea level."},{"id":"tf_9435","type":"tf","prompt":"The javelin used in men's competition is lighter than the women's javelin.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Men's javelin is heavier."},{"id":"tf_240","type":"tf","prompt":"The moon has its own gravity, but less than Earth.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Moon's gravity is about 1/6 of Earth's."},{"id":"gty_13905","type":"gty","prompt":"'Black Panther' superhero film released","options":["2018","2016","2020","2022"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"First Marvel film to earn Best Picture nomination."},{"id":"gty_27","type":"gty","prompt":"Battle of Bang Rak","options":["1976","1975","1977","1974"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Last stand during Cambodian genocide."},{"id":"gty_4323","type":"gty","prompt":"First steamboat commercial service (Fulton's Clermont)","options":["1800","1807","1812","1819"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Traveled from NYC to Albany on Hudson River."},{"id":"tf_10843","type":"tf","prompt":"The Arctic fox migrates south every winter.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"They stay resident in Arctic, following prey like lemmings."},{"id":"tf_8757","type":"tf","prompt":"Female songbirds sing more than males in some species.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Yes, in some species females sing complex songs."},{"id":"gty_12255","type":"gty","prompt":"The Great Fire of London in 1666 destroys much of the city (this is a disaster, though not strictly natural? Using natural) Replace with: The 1698 earthquake in Colima? Simpler: The 1908 Messina earthquake and tsunami kills up to 200,000 in Italy","options":["1908","1905","1911","1914"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"The earthquake measured 7.5 magnitude."},{"id":"tf_481","type":"tf","prompt":"Cows can have four stomachs.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"They have four compartments: rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum."},{"id":"gty_3319","type":"gty","prompt":"Osama bin Laden killed by US forces","options":["2009","2010","2011","2012"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Raided compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan."},{"id":"gty_8712","type":"gty","prompt":"'Casablanca' classic film released starring Bogart","options":["1942","1941","1943","1944"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Filmed before screenplay was fully written."},{"id":"gty_6274","type":"gty","prompt":"Discovery of the Rosetta Stone","options":["1799","1800","1798","1801"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Found by French soldiers in July 1799 in Egypt."},{"id":"tf_3964","type":"tf","prompt":"The Nabatean city of Petra was built primarily for defense.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It was a trade center."},{"id":"tf_5940","type":"tf","prompt":"The deadliest marine predator is the great white shark.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Box jellyfish kill more humans annually."},{"id":"gty_14224","type":"gty","prompt":"Radiohead's album 'OK Computer' is released.","options":["1995","1996","1997","1998"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Critically acclaimed, defined alternative rock."},{"id":"gty_7390","type":"gty","prompt":"Discovery of the technique for determining atomic numbers: Moseley's law","options":["1913","1903","1923","1933"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Moseley's work fixed the periodic table ordering."},{"id":"gty_7320","type":"gty","prompt":"The leggings becomes a regular standalone outerwear 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introduces interleague play","options":["1995","1996","1997","1998"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"First game was between Rangers and Giants."},{"id":"tf_14520","type":"tf","prompt":"Our internal body temperature drops during sleep.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Cooler core helps initiate rest."},{"id":"gty_8226","type":"gty","prompt":"Swing (a-line) dresses for women","options":["1953","1950","1956","1948"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Post-war feminine silhouette with crinoline."},{"id":"gty_3133","type":"gty","prompt":"Summer Olympics held in Atlanta, Georgia","options":["1992","1994","1996","1998"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"The Centennial Olympic Park bombing marred the games with one death."},{"id":"tf_9355","type":"tf","prompt":"Humans can hear sounds as low as 1 Hz under optimal conditions.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Threshold is about 20 Hz for most."},{"id":"gty_3259","type":"gty","prompt":"'Frozen' becomes a Disney blockbuster hit","options":["2011","2012","2013","2014"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Let It Go song became global phenomenon"},{"id":"tf_6365","type":"tf","prompt":"Old Norse gave English words like 'they' and 'them'.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"True, from Viking influence during the Danelaw."},{"id":"tf_10615","type":"tf","prompt":"The largest leaf ever was over 30 feet long.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Raphia regalis leaves span 25 m."},{"id":"gty_14885","type":"gty","prompt":"The first time a solar eclipse was imaged from space","options":["1967","1966","1968","1965"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Apollo 2 mission did not fly, but Gemini spacecraft took photos."},{"id":"tf_6329","type":"tf","prompt":"The language of the Ainu people of Japan has no known relatives.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"True, it is considered a language isolate."},{"id":"tf_7801","type":"tf","prompt":"Exercising late at night always harms sleep.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It depends on intensity and individual."},{"id":"tf_8103","type":"tf","prompt":"Mars' atmosphere is thick enough to support liquid water today.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Mars' thin atmosphere prevents stable liquid water."},{"id":"gty_6289","type":"gty","prompt":"Elizabeth Cady Stanton dies","options":["1900","1902","1910","1920"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Predecessor suffragist leader died 18 years before women got vote."},{"id":"gty_12218","type":"gty","prompt":"'Psycho' is released, shocking audiences with its twist.","options":["1958","1959","1960","1961"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"No late admissions allowed."},{"id":"tf_9158","type":"tf","prompt":"Cockroaches can survive a nuclear blast, but not a bad cold.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Cockroaches are cold-blooded and don't get colds, but can't survive high heat."},{"id":"gty_1946","type":"gty","prompt":"Crystal Palace built for Great Exhibition in London","options":["1851","1845","1860","1830"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Glass and cast-iron design pioneered prefabrication."},{"id":"tf_4299","type":"tf","prompt":"An endangered 'whistling language' exists in the Canary Islands.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Silbo Gomero is a whistled Spanish variant still used on La Gomera."},{"id":"tf_7426","type":"tf","prompt":"The 'cocktail party effect' lets you focus on one voice in noise.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Your brain filters ambient sound selectively."},{"id":"gty_3720","type":"gty","prompt":"Port au Prince earthquake","options":["2008","2010","2012","2014"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Devastated Haiti's capital."},{"id":"gty_5666","type":"gty","prompt":"Lil Nas X 'Old Town Road' becomes longest-running Billboard #1","options":["2017","2018","2019","2020"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"It dominated for 19 weeks in 2020."},{"id":"gty_6969","type":"gty","prompt":"Wu-Tang Clan's 'Enter the Wu-Tang' debuts","options":["1991","1992","1993","1994"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Hypnotic album entered mainstream rap."},{"id":"gty_12493","type":"gty","prompt":"The film 'The Godfather' premieres and becomes a classic in cinema","options":["1970","1971","1972","1973"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"It won three Oscars including Best Picture."},{"id":"gty_10271","type":"gty","prompt":"Facebook launches as 'Thefacebook' at Harvard","options":["2002","2004","2006","2008"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Initially only for Harvard students."},{"id":"gty_882","type":"gty","prompt":"First GPS satellite (Navstar 1) launched","options":["1978","1982","1976","1985"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Began 24-satellite constellation by 1993."},{"id":"tf_8456","type":"tf","prompt":"The Channel Tunnel is longer than the Seikan Tunnel in Japan.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Seikan Tunnel is slightly longer."},{"id":"gty_1905","type":"gty","prompt":"First successful blood transfusion from A to O correctly","options":["1907","1900","1910","1905"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Landsteiner discovered blood groups in 1901."},{"id":"tf_11010","type":"tf","prompt":"The Elamite civilization used cuneiform writing.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Elamites adapted cuneiform from Mesopotamia."},{"id":"tf_10153","type":"tf","prompt":"Some stars die and fall asleep for trillions of years.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"White dwarfs cool and fade over eons."},{"id":"gty_1207","type":"gty","prompt":"Prince's 'Purple Rain' film and soundtrack released","options":["1983","1984","1985","1986"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Won an Oscar for Best Original Song Score."},{"id":"tf_13457","type":"tf","prompt":"The Ring of Fire contains 75% of 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initial blast."},{"id":"tf_5480","type":"tf","prompt":"The menstrual cycle has no effect on risk-taking behavior.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Hormonal changes shift risk appetite mid-cycle."},{"id":"gty_11168","type":"gty","prompt":"Haagen-Dazs premium ice cream sold to Grand Met?","options":["1982","1985","1980","1988"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Founder developed it using only natural ingredients."},{"id":"gty_12287","type":"gty","prompt":"The Berlin Wall falls, ending Cold War division","options":["1989","1987","1991","1985"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"It symbolized freedom in 1989."},{"id":"gty_5163","type":"gty","prompt":"Atomium built for Brussels World's Fair","options":["1956","1958","1960","1962"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Represents an iron crystal magnified."},{"id":"gty_7060","type":"gty","prompt":"The Glorious Revolution in England","options":["1686","1687","1688","1689"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"It replaced James II with 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to Vietnam War draft."},{"id":"gty_12337","type":"gty","prompt":"The first Wienerschnitzel hot dog stand opens in Los Angeles.","options":["1961","1963","1965","1967"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Der Wienerschnitzel was the original name."},{"id":"gty_11380","type":"gty","prompt":"Invention of the fluorescent lamp by Edmund Germer","options":["1927","1928","1926","1929"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Patented the modern fluorescent lamp."},{"id":"gty_2698","type":"gty","prompt":"First extrasolar planet confirmed around a main-sequence star","options":["1992","1995","1998","2002"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"51 Pegasi b was first hot Jupiter discovered."},{"id":"tf_1359","type":"tf","prompt":"Uranus smells like rotten eggs.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Its atmosphere contains hydrogen sulfide."},{"id":"tf_13499","type":"tf","prompt":"Your eyes process color using only cones that detect red, green, and 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No; First egyptian pyramid? Not; First contact lenses invented","options":["1887","1890","1885","1895"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Frick? The contact lenses for eyes: Haptic, 1887."},{"id":"gty_12919","type":"gty","prompt":"US enters WWII","options":["1941","1942","1940","1939"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"After Pearl Harbor."},{"id":"tf_3912","type":"tf","prompt":"There is an island called 'Skye' with no sky above it.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"The name is a lie—sky exists everywhere."},{"id":"tf_3331","type":"tf","prompt":"Earth's moon has a significant atmosphere.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It's almost a vacuum with negligible gas."},{"id":"gty_13525","type":"gty","prompt":"Jane Austen dies.","options":["1817","1812","1820","1815"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"She wrote 'Pride and Prejudice'."},{"id":"tf_12144","type":"tf","prompt":"The enzyme bromelain in pineapple can tenderize meat.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Bromelain breaks down protein, softening meat."},{"id":"gty_12376","type":"gty","prompt":"First CT scan of a human brain performed","options":["1971","1975","1969","1978"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Early scans took hours to produce a single image."},{"id":"gty_553","type":"gty","prompt":"Notre-Dame Cathedral construction started","options":["1120","1163","1200","1225"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It took over 200 years to complete."},{"id":"gty_13769","type":"gty","prompt":"The fanny pack (bum bag) gains popularity","options":["1985","1982","1988","1990"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Used initially by tourists and runners."},{"id":"tf_14486","type":"tf","prompt":"The world's first insurance contract was a marine policy to reduce risk of piracy.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"First known insurance was a maritime loan in ancient Greece."},{"id":"tf_8113","type":"tf","prompt":"The International Space Station orbits Earth once every 90 minutes.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"ISS travels at ~7.66 km/s."},{"id":"tf_7609","type":"tf","prompt":"The 'druids' finger' mushroom grows only in the soil of ancient oak forests.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Found mostly in conifers."},{"id":"gty_13935","type":"gty","prompt":"Bangladesh cyclone of 1970 killed half a million","options":["1968","1970","1972","1974"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Deadliest tropical cyclone ever recorded."},{"id":"tf_8375","type":"tf","prompt":"An Olympic breaststroke swimmer must keep their body below the water at all times.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Head must break surface but not whole body."},{"id":"tf_2599","type":"tf","prompt":"The driest place on Earth is the Atacama Desert in Chile.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"It receives less than 1 mm of rain annually."},{"id":"gty_10494","type":"gty","prompt":"The first Sony Walkman cassette player 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more."},{"id":"gty_240","type":"gty","prompt":"First spacewalk (Alexei Leonov)","options":["1963","1964","1965","1966"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Leonov's spacesuit inflated, nearly preventing re-entry."},{"id":"gty_6552","type":"gty","prompt":"The first Indy 500 race is held","options":["1909","1911","1913","1915"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Ray Harroun won the inaugural event."},{"id":"gty_994","type":"gty","prompt":"First maglev train patented by Brookhaven scientists.","options":["1970","1968","1972","1974"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Using superconducting magnets."},{"id":"gty_4856","type":"gty","prompt":"The first FIFA Women's World Cup is held","options":["1989","1991","1993","1995"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"The US won the inaugural tournament in China."},{"id":"tf_12487","type":"tf","prompt":"Fungal networks can transport carbon between different tree species.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Mycorrhizal networks share resources."},{"id":"gty_10778","type":"gty","prompt":"St. Basil's Cathedral built in Moscow","options":["1561","1552","1565","1547"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Its onion-domed architecture commemorates the capture of Kazan."},{"id":"gty_1171","type":"gty","prompt":"The first escalator was installed as an amusement ride","options":["1894","1896","1898","1900"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Called the 'inclined elevator' at Coney Island."},{"id":"gty_2165","type":"gty","prompt":"Rosetta reaches comet 67P","options":["2012","2014","2016","2018"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"First comet orbiter and lander."},{"id":"gty_4898","type":"gty","prompt":"Launch of the International Space Station","options":["1998","2000","2002","2004"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"First module was Zarya."},{"id":"tf_9037","type":"tf","prompt":"Some people have an extra rib attached to their seventh cervical vertebra.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Cervical rib occurs in 0.5% of population."},{"id":"gty_5770","type":"gty","prompt":"The signing of the Treaty of Rome (EEC)","options":["1955","1957","1959","1961"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Laid foundation for the European Union."},{"id":"tf_8344","type":"tf","prompt":"A tennis serve has been clocked at over 180 mph.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Fastest is 163.7 mph by Sam Groth."},{"id":"gty_11226","type":"gty","prompt":"Eiffel Tower opened for the World's Fair.","options":["1889","1890","1888","1891"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"It was the world's tallest structure until 1930."},{"id":"gty_513","type":"gty","prompt":"Development of the MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)","options":["1977","1980","1970","1985"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Made reusable designs more accessible in diagnostics."},{"id":"tf_13961","type":"tf","prompt":"All pickles are fermented in brine.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Many are just preserved in vinegar, not fermented."},{"id":"tf_11220","type":"tf","prompt":"Some parasitic mites alter flower scents to attract pollinators for eggs.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Mimics host's sex pheromone to trick beetles."},{"id":"tf_159","type":"tf","prompt":"A single cloud can weigh over a million pounds.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Clouds are dense with water droplets."},{"id":"tf_7903","type":"tf","prompt":"The intermittent windshield wiper was invented by a drunk driver after an accident.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Robert Kearns invented it after a failed windshield."},{"id":"gty_3479","type":"gty","prompt":"Sistine Chapel ceiling completed by Michelangelo","options":["1513","1508","1517","1520"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Jonninged by God's creation of Adam."},{"id":"tf_11656","type":"tf","prompt":"The British pound symbol comes from a 'lb' 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warning."},{"id":"gty_11734","type":"gty","prompt":"brothel creepers reappeared in rockabilly revival","options":["1979","1977","1981","1983"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Originally Teddy boys wore them in 50s"},{"id":"gty_3550","type":"gty","prompt":"Beyoncé releases her debut solo album Dangerously in Love","options":["2001","2003","2005","2007"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Won five Grammy Awards."},{"id":"gty_4737","type":"gty","prompt":"Nintendo 64 released in Japan","options":["1994","1996","1998","2000"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"With Super Mario 64."},{"id":"tf_11119","type":"tf","prompt":"The Hubble Space Telescope weighs about as much as a car.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Hubble weighs about 11 tons, not a car."},{"id":"tf_7425","type":"tf","prompt":"Sound waves cannot travel through fire due to heat disruption.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Sound travels through any gas 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tones.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Ticuna uses five distinct lexical tones."},{"id":"gty_12827","type":"gty","prompt":"Casa Milà completed by Gaudí in Barcelona","options":["1912","1910","1915","1908"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Undulating stone facade with no straight lines."},{"id":"gty_3273","type":"gty","prompt":"1703 Storm of the North Sea","options":["1700","1703","1706","1709"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"8,000–15,000 dead in England and Netherlands."},{"id":"tf_10451","type":"tf","prompt":"Cheerleading has been recognized as an Olympic sport since 2000.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Cheerleading is not yet an official Olympic sport."},{"id":"tf_5393","type":"tf","prompt":"Brass instruments have valves; woodwind instruments never use keys.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Woodwinds use keys and holes."},{"id":"gty_8750","type":"gty","prompt":"Cyclone Nargis hits Myanmar in 2008","options":["2006","2008","2010","2012"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Killed over 138,000 people."},{"id":"gty_7728","type":"gty","prompt":"Vesalius publishes On the Fabric of the Human Body","options":["1543","1550","1535","1560"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Foundation of modern human anatomy."},{"id":"tf_3005","type":"tf","prompt":"The first computer bug was a real insect.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"A moth caused a relay failure in 1947."},{"id":"tf_3875","type":"tf","prompt":"The Hawaiian alphabet has only 12 letters.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"It uses 5 vowels and 7 consonants."},{"id":"gty_7496","type":"gty","prompt":"The first SMS ('Merry Christmas') sent","options":["1990","1991","1992","1993"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Sent from a computer to a mobile."},{"id":"gty_3445","type":"gty","prompt":"Purification of vitamin C for treating scurvy","options":["1932","1928","1935","1940"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Initial research by Szent-Györgyi."},{"id":"gty_3508","type":"gty","prompt":"Atari 2600 released","options":["1975","1977","1979","1981"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Initial price $199, sold 30 million units."},{"id":"tf_9827","type":"tf","prompt":"Mirages occur when light bends through layers of hot air near the ground.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Index of refraction changes with temperature."},{"id":"tf_4482","type":"tf","prompt":"The 'McGurk effect' demonstrates that vision can alter auditory perception.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Seeing 'ga' while hearing 'ba' produces 'da'."},{"id":"tf_113","type":"tf","prompt":"Sloths can hold their breath longer than dolphins.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Dolphins hold breath up to 15 minutes; sloths less."},{"id":"gty_12158","type":"gty","prompt":"Discovery of gravitational 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is loud enough.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"No medium means no sound propagation at all."},{"id":"tf_9632","type":"tf","prompt":"Plant seeds can survive digestion by animals to spread around.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Endozoochory helps plants colonize new areas."},{"id":"gty_11415","type":"gty","prompt":"The TV show 'I Love Lucy' debuts","options":["1950","1951","1952","1953"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Pioneered the three-camera sitcom format."},{"id":"tf_13999","type":"tf","prompt":"Avocados turn brown quicker if stored with their pit.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Browning is caused by oxidation, pit has no effect."},{"id":"tf_8231","type":"tf","prompt":"Freezing tofu changes its texture to become spongy and absorb flavors.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Ice crystals create spongy pores."},{"id":"gty_3066","type":"gty","prompt":"First flight of the Space Shuttle 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ever."},{"id":"gty_12546","type":"gty","prompt":"Steffi Graf wins the Golden Slam in tennis.","options":["1988","1987","1989","1986"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"She won all four majors plus Olympic gold."},{"id":"tf_1815","type":"tf","prompt":"Mount Everest is not the tallest point on Earth from base to peak.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Mauna Kea is taller from ocean floor."},{"id":"tf_11062","type":"tf","prompt":"The retina of the eye is actually part of the brain.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Retina develops from neural tissue."},{"id":"gty_5635","type":"gty","prompt":"Pharaoh Thutmose III at Megiddo siege","options":["-1457","-1400","-1500","-1480"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"First reliable battle record ever."},{"id":"tf_1901","type":"tf","prompt":"Humans taste bitter with the back of tongue.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Taste buds are spread evenly."},{"id":"tf_6378","type":"tf","prompt":"A perfect fourth is the same interval as an augmented third.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"They are enharmonically equivalent in 12-tone equal temperament."},{"id":"tf_10538","type":"tf","prompt":"The CN Tower in Toronto is the tallest freestanding structure in the Americas.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"One World Trade Center is taller."},{"id":"gty_11875","type":"gty","prompt":"6-Day War in Middle East","options":["1965","1966","1967","1968"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Israel captured Sinai, Gaza, West Bank."},{"id":"tf_8868","type":"tf","prompt":"The bread-slicing machine was invented by a jeweler who cut loaves for his sick wife.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Otto Rohwedder built slicer after wife couldn't cut bread."},{"id":"gty_2881","type":"gty","prompt":"First Pizza Hut restaurant 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veins.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Blood is always red; veins make it look blue."},{"id":"gty_3150","type":"gty","prompt":"First night game in Major League Baseball (at Crosley Field)","options":["1931","1933","1935","1938"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"The Reds played the Phillies under newly installed lights on May 24, 1935."},{"id":"tf_3749","type":"tf","prompt":"Your liver can regenerate completely after severe damage.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"It can regrow to original size."},{"id":"gty_8295","type":"gty","prompt":"The first 'Godfather' film premiere","options":["1970","1971","1972","1973"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Won Best Picture at Oscars."},{"id":"gty_9839","type":"gty","prompt":"Spanish American War began over Cuban independence issues","options":["1898","1897","1899","1896"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"It ended Spanish colonial empire in Americas."},{"id":"gty_9461","type":"gty","prompt":"'Doctor Who' British series reboot on BBC","options":["2003","2005","2007","2009"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Christopher Eccleston played first new Doctor."},{"id":"gty_1952","type":"gty","prompt":"Angkor Wat construction starts in Cambodia","options":["1122","1150","1100","1180"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Vishnu temple is symbol of Khmer architecture."},{"id":"tf_10421","type":"tf","prompt":"Snowboarding’s halfpipe was invented by a skateboarder on a snowy hill.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Halfpipe originated from skateboard park culture adapted to snow."},{"id":"tf_8067","type":"tf","prompt":"A rare condition makes people perceive time as passing very slowly.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Akinetopsia alters temporal perception."},{"id":"gty_5953","type":"gty","prompt":"Discovery of the papillomavirus causing cervical cancer","options":["1980","1983","1986","1989"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Harald zur Hausen won Nobel Prize in 2008"},{"id":"gty_1685","type":"gty","prompt":"Mars Science Laboratory (Curiosity) landed","options":["2011","2012","2013","2014"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It confirmed ancient water on Mars."},{"id":"tf_9851","type":"tf","prompt":"The pacemaker was accidentally discovered when a researcher used the wrong resistor size.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Wrong part gave correct heartbeat signal."},{"id":"tf_4407","type":"tf","prompt":"The 'Phantom power' in microphones supplies 48V to active circuits.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Standard +48V for condenser mics."},{"id":"tf_1920","type":"tf","prompt":"The world's largest pizza was made in 2012 in Rome.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"It was over 13,000 square feet."},{"id":"tf_10634","type":"tf","prompt":"The 1960 Valdivia earthquake reached magnitude 9.5.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"It remains the largest recorded quake 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humans.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It may help gut bacteria repopulate after illness."},{"id":"gty_7902","type":"gty","prompt":"Automated teller machine (ATM) installed in London","options":["1964","1967","1970","1973"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Used paper vouchers, not plastic cards."},{"id":"gty_1918","type":"gty","prompt":"Discovery of prions as infectious agents by Prusiner","options":["1982","1985","1980","1988"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Revolutionized understanding of brain diseases."},{"id":"tf_14522","type":"tf","prompt":"Sleep apnea only affects overweight individuals.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Anyone can have airway blockages."},{"id":"tf_7839","type":"tf","prompt":"Human skin appears orange when observed through a blue filter.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Blue filter blocks yellow tones; skin looks purplish instead."},{"id":"gty_2697","type":"gty","prompt":"Discovery of Neptune (by Urbain Le Verrier)","options":["1840","1846","1850","1855"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Not just accidental; celestial math led sight."},{"id":"tf_1439","type":"tf","prompt":"The Loch Ness Monster is a real creature.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"No scientific evidence supports its existence."},{"id":"tf_2253","type":"tf","prompt":"The Eiffel Tower shrinks in winter due to cold.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Metal contracts; can lose 6 inches."},{"id":"tf_1625","type":"tf","prompt":"The longest war in history lasted over 300 years.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"The Three Hundred and Thirty Five Years' War had no casualties."},{"id":"gty_11029","type":"gty","prompt":"Shanxi earthquake in China kills 830,000","options":["1556","1555","1557","1554"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Deadliest earthquake recorded"},{"id":"gty_6602","type":"gty","prompt":"First nuclear powered submarine USS 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Yellowstone supervolcano erupts every 600,000 years exactly.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Its eruptions are irregular, not on a precise schedule."},{"id":"gty_5965","type":"gty","prompt":"Development of the artificial pancreas prototype","options":["1977","1979","1981","1983"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Automated insulin delivery system"},{"id":"gty_6384","type":"gty","prompt":"The Sydney Opera House opens","options":["1973","1963","1983","1953"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Its design was inspired by orange segments."},{"id":"tf_2343","type":"tf","prompt":"The Olympic rings were designed to represent the six continents.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"They represent five with Asia, Africa, Americas, Europe, Oceania."},{"id":"gty_6157","type":"gty","prompt":"Discovery of pulsars by Bell Burnell","options":["1965","1967","1969","1971"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"First pulse from LGM-1."},{"id":"gty_8556","type":"gty","prompt":"Netflix starts streaming content","options":["2005","2007","2009","2011"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Netflix streaming launched in January 2007."},{"id":"gty_8648","type":"gty","prompt":"Invention of the seismograph by John Milne","options":["1876","1880","1884","1888"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Milne's horizontal pendulum improved earthquake detection."},{"id":"tf_4379","type":"tf","prompt":"The 'Wagner tuba' sounds louder than standard tubas.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It has darker, less powerful tone."},{"id":"gty_11657","type":"gty","prompt":"The Bauhaus school was founded in Weimar","options":["1919","1920","1918","1921"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"It revolutionized art, design, and architecture."},{"id":"tf_13173","type":"tf","prompt":"Echoes occur when sound waves reflect off surfaces and reach your ears separately.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Distance causes a noticeable delay for the reflected sound."},{"id":"gty_3654","type":"gty","prompt":"Russian Revolution and Bolshevik leadership","options":["1915","1917","1919","1921"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Lenin led the October Revolution."},{"id":"tf_10264","type":"tf","prompt":"Vinegar can be used to clean pennies due to acidity.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"True. Acid dissolves tarnish; combine with salt for best effect."},{"id":"tf_489","type":"tf","prompt":"Sloths are known for having three-toed feet.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Sloths have different species: two-toed or three-toed."},{"id":"gty_7157","type":"gty","prompt":"2007 Cyclone Gonu in Oman","options":["2007","2005","2009","2003"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Gonu is the strongest cyclone to hit the Arabian Peninsula in 2007."},{"id":"tf_13334","type":"tf","prompt":"The world's most expensive construction project is the International Space Station.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Cost over $150 billion US dollars."},{"id":"gty_14291","type":"gty","prompt":"The first solar-powered satellite, Vanguard 1","options":["1957","1958","1959","1960"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Still orbit Earth, oldest human-made satellite."},{"id":"gty_10109","type":"gty","prompt":"The first sportswear brand Adidas is founded by Adolf Dassler","options":["1946","1949","1952","1955"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Name from 'Adi' and 'Das' (his nickname)."},{"id":"gty_4696","type":"gty","prompt":"First gasoline-powered fire engine built","options":["1902","1905","1908","1911"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Produced by Knox Automobile Company."},{"id":"gty_1008","type":"gty","prompt":"Development of the first antibiotic (sulfa drug)","options":["1932","1935","1938","1929"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Prontosil was the first commercially available."},{"id":"gty_2338","type":"gty","prompt":"The first Junior Mint candy was introduced","options":["1949","1953","1945","1957"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Often sold at movie theaters as bite-sized candy."},{"id":"gty_12959","type":"gty","prompt":"Floyd Mayweather vs Manny Pacquiao fight happens","options":["2013","2014","2015","2016"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Called 'Fight of the Century', Mayweather won."},{"id":"tf_7721","type":"tf","prompt":"The microcredit movement started in rural India in the 1970s.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Muhammad Yunus pioneered it in Bangladesh."},{"id":"gty_4865","type":"gty","prompt":"Martina Navratilova wins her first Wimbledon singles title","options":["1978","1980","1982","1984"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"She won nine Wimbledons total."},{"id":"tf_5536","type":"tf","prompt":"The Sydney Opera House's shells are built with colored glass panels.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Its shells are covered with over 1 million ceramic tiles."},{"id":"gty_6967","type":"gty","prompt":"Freddie Mercury's final tour with Queen","options":["1984","1985","1986","1987"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"The Magic Tour ended at Knebworth."},{"id":"gty_14656","type":"gty","prompt":"The first successful aircraft hijacking for ransom occurs.","options":["1965","1967","1969","1971"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Perpetrator was D.B. 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Pei."},{"id":"gty_5812","type":"gty","prompt":"The Wire series premiered on HBO","options":["2000","2001","2002","2003"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Set in Baltimore, focused on drug trade."},{"id":"gty_4904","type":"gty","prompt":"Oslo Accords signed between Israel and Palestine","options":["1991","1993","1995","1997"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"A framework for peace and mutual recognition."},{"id":"tf_4648","type":"tf","prompt":"Fungal networks in soil can increase the nutrient absorption of plants","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Mycorrhizae expand root surface area for mineral uptake."},{"id":"tf_290","type":"tf","prompt":"Water boils faster at higher altitudes.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"True, lower pressure reduces boiling point."},{"id":"tf_4675","type":"tf","prompt":"The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake shifted Earth's axis by 10 centimeters.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Mass redistribution from Japan quake altered axis."},{"id":"tf_12894","type":"tf","prompt":"The 'Wari' civilization of Peru used khipu (knotted strings) for record-keeping.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"They used khipu before the Incas."},{"id":"gty_6351","type":"gty","prompt":"First successful rocket flight by Robert Goddard","options":["1926","1923","1930","1920"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Liquid-fueled rocket reached 12.5 m altitude."},{"id":"gty_8005","type":"gty","prompt":"'Breaking Bad' first episode aired on AMC","options":["2006","2007","2008","2009"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Walter White's underwear color reflected his moral shift."},{"id":"gty_5559","type":"gty","prompt":"Tesla files patent for alternating current motor","options":["1885","1888","1891","1893"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"AC motor enabled long-distance power transmission."},{"id":"tf_14339","type":"tf","prompt":"The Sydney Harbour Bridge has a secret underground 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human nose can detect pheromones subconsciously.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Vomeronasal organ remnants may process pheromones."},{"id":"tf_11171","type":"tf","prompt":"Infectious bacteria outnumber human cells in our bodies.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Gut microbes vastly outnumber human cells."},{"id":"tf_110","type":"tf","prompt":"Cows can't walk down stairs.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Cow knees limit their ability, but they can descend oddly."},{"id":"gty_13658","type":"gty","prompt":"The Sydney Opera House officially opens","options":["1970","1971","1973","1975"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Designed by Jørn Utzon from Denmark."},{"id":"gty_6525","type":"gty","prompt":"The Coachella music festival begins in Indio, California","options":["1997","1999","2001","2003"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Beck and Rage Against the Machine headlined the first year."},{"id":"tf_5623","type":"tf","prompt":"Volcanoes never erupt underwater.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Most volcanic eruptions occur underwater."},{"id":"gty_8012","type":"gty","prompt":"'Stranger Things' first season dropped on Netflix","options":["2014","2015","2016","2017"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"The show's story was influenced by Stephen King, the Duffer Bros said."},{"id":"gty_2272","type":"gty","prompt":"first polaroid instant camera sold","options":["1948","1947","1949","1950"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Edwin Land invented breakthrough."},{"id":"gty_3486","type":"gty","prompt":"Moscow State University building completed","options":["1953","1950","1955","1960"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Stalinist Gothic skyscraper campus."},{"id":"gty_13477","type":"gty","prompt":"The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake shakes San Francisco amidst World Series","options":["1986","1989","1991","1994"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"The quake collapsed a section of the Bay Bridge."},{"id":"gty_10933","type":"gty","prompt":"First synthetic diamond created (by GE)","options":["1953","1957","1960","1963"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"General Electric announced lab-created diamonds."},{"id":"tf_1550","type":"tf","prompt":"The Eiffel Tower grows 15 centimeters taller in summer.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Iron expands in heat, causing thermal growth."},{"id":"tf_12136","type":"tf","prompt":"Vinegar is a byproduct of ethanol fermentation when exposed to oxygen.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Acetic acid bacteria convert ethanol to vinegar with oxygen."},{"id":"gty_2719","type":"gty","prompt":"Pearl Harbor attack","options":["1939","1940","1941","1942"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Brought US into World War II."},{"id":"tf_1050","type":"tf","prompt":"Penguins can jump over 6 feet high.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Leopard seals hunt them as they leap onto ice."},{"id":"gty_3342","type":"gty","prompt":"Queen Elizabeth I dies","options":["1603","1598","1605","1595"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"She never married, earning the title 'Virgin Queen.'"},{"id":"gty_1449","type":"gty","prompt":"Minecraft officially released","options":["2009","2011","2013","2015"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Minecraft's full release was in November 2011."},{"id":"tf_8712","type":"tf","prompt":"Butterfly wings get their color solely from pigments.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Many use structural iridescence for colors."},{"id":"gty_6436","type":"gty","prompt":"The first text message is sent","options":["1988","1992","1994","1995"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It read 'Merry Christmas' on Vodafone network."},{"id":"tf_6455","type":"tf","prompt":"A marathon distance is exactly 26 miles.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It's 26.219 miles."},{"id":"tf_14228","type":"tf","prompt":"The fastest recorded downhill 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storms."},{"id":"gty_1393","type":"gty","prompt":"Corn flakes were invented by Dr. John Harvey Kellogg.","options":["1894","1890","1898","1900"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Made as part of a graham diet in a sanitorium."},{"id":"gty_8798","type":"gty","prompt":"Elvis Presley died","options":["1977","1980","1973","1985"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"King of rock 'n' roll in royal blue suede."},{"id":"tf_5502","type":"tf","prompt":"When people hear a 'silence illusion,' they often sit still for seconds after.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Audiovisual mismatch can freeze orientation response."},{"id":"tf_12410","type":"tf","prompt":"The 'photography effect' says taking photos reduces memory of the scene.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Outsourcing memory to camera impairs recall."},{"id":"gty_3414","type":"gty","prompt":"First flight by a woman pilot, Aida de Acosta","options":["1903","1905","1900","1908"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"She flew a hydrogen balloon in Paris."},{"id":"tf_7596","type":"tf","prompt":"The 'walking palm' tree can move about 20 meters per year.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It grows more like roots."},{"id":"gty_6826","type":"gty","prompt":"First chartered motorcoach bus route (United Kingdom)","options":["1920","1925","1930","1935"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Green Line Coaches started the first regular service."},{"id":"tf_2292","type":"tf","prompt":"A mile is shorter than a kilometer.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"A mile is longer, about 1.609 km."},{"id":"tf_6407","type":"tf","prompt":"Infrasound from wind turbines can make people feel uneasy even below hearing threshold.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Body detects low frequency pressure changes, causing discomfort or dizziness."},{"id":"gty_5887","type":"gty","prompt":"First live television broadcast via satellite (Telstar)","options":["1960","1962","1964","1958"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It relayed images across the Atlantic."},{"id":"tf_7359","type":"tf","prompt":"A return stroke in lightning lasts less than 1 millisecond.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"It carries huge current in a fraction of a second."},{"id":"tf_7355","type":"tf","prompt":"The thermosphere is the densest layer of atmosphere.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It is extremely rarefied, up to 1,000 km high."},{"id":"gty_9162","type":"gty","prompt":"Leonardo da Vinci dies at Clos Lucé, France.","options":["1519","1505","1530","1510"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"He was left-handed and wrote backward."},{"id":"tf_13471","type":"tf","prompt":"Blind people with no light perception can still have normal sleep-wake cycles.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Non-image-forming cells in eyes detect light for cycles."},{"id":"tf_12606","type":"tf","prompt":"The world's oldest known coin hoard was found in a Chinese tomb dating to 600 BC.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"The oldest coin hoard was from the Temple of Artemis in Turkey, around 550 BC."},{"id":"tf_5715","type":"tf","prompt":"Dreaming in black and white was normal before color TV.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Studies from the 1950s reported many had grayscale dreams."},{"id":"tf_5710","type":"tf","prompt":"Sleeping with the lights on affects dream content.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Dreams are influenced by experiences, not ambient light directly."},{"id":"tf_3901","type":"tf","prompt":"Australia is the only continent with no active volcanoes.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Mainland has no currently active volcanoes."},{"id":"tf_5782","type":"tf","prompt":"The iris is the colored part of the eye that controls pupil 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Valve.","options":["2002","2004","2006","2008"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It revolutionized physics and storytelling in games."},{"id":"tf_8170","type":"tf","prompt":"Pheromones from certain insects can be used to trap pest moths.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Synthetic scents lure males to traps."},{"id":"tf_6746","type":"tf","prompt":"The British East India Company once had its own private army.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"It maintained over 260,000 troops for colonial control."},{"id":"gty_4056","type":"gty","prompt":"'Super Mario Bros.' video game released","options":["1985","1983","1987","1984"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Revived the video game industry."},{"id":"gty_10958","type":"gty","prompt":"Netflix transitions from DVD rentals to streaming.","options":["2005","2006","2007","2008"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Streaming started as a small experiment with limited content."},{"id":"tf_233","type":"tf","prompt":"Strawberries have 200 seeds on average.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Strawberries have about 200 tiny seeds."},{"id":"tf_13039","type":"tf","prompt":"A fungus can turn ants into zombies and make them climb trees.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Ophiocordyceps controls ant climbing behavior."},{"id":"tf_4972","type":"tf","prompt":"The number 111111111 squared gives a palindrome.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"111111111^2 = 12345678987654321."},{"id":"tf_14871","type":"tf","prompt":"Space probes often use gravity assists to change course.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Flying near planets steals orbital energy for boost."},{"id":"tf_7732","type":"tf","prompt":"The largest gold trade in history was the Brazilian Gold Rush.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"That title goes to the California Gold 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clue."},{"id":"tf_813","type":"tf","prompt":"The ocean is blue because it reflects the sky.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Water absorbs red light; scattered blue light remains."},{"id":"gty_13225","type":"gty","prompt":"'Half-Life' is released, revolutionizing narrative in games","options":["1996","1998","2000","2002"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It eliminated loading screens seamlessly."},{"id":"tf_3633","type":"tf","prompt":"There are more trees in Canada than people in the world.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Canada has billions of trees vs. 8 billion people."},{"id":"tf_4056","type":"tf","prompt":"Humans can catch diseases from insects like mosquitoes.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Mosquitoes transmit diseases like malaria."},{"id":"gty_12718","type":"gty","prompt":"The first electric dishwasher is patented by Josephine 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power)","options":["1917","1916","1918","1915"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Led by Lenin, ended monarchy."},{"id":"tf_13736","type":"tf","prompt":"The coffin fish is a type of anglerfish that lives in shallow coastal waters.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It dwells in the deep, cold ocean depths."},{"id":"gty_7458","type":"gty","prompt":"First inaugural U.S. President (George Washington)","options":["1776","1789","1792","1797"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"He was sworn in on the balcony at Federal Hall."},{"id":"tf_13843","type":"tf","prompt":"The human hair grows about 1 cm per month.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Hair growth averages 0.35 mm per day."},{"id":"tf_1972","type":"tf","prompt":"The brain uses more energy than a car battery.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"The brain uses about 20 watts, much less than a battery."},{"id":"gty_7823","type":"gty","prompt":"Mauritius cyclone kills over 4,800","options":["1890","1892","1894","1896"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Severe storm devastated entire island."},{"id":"gty_11140","type":"gty","prompt":"TV dinner first introduced by Swanson","options":["1953","1956","1950","1960"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Inspired by leftover turkey on Thanksgiving."},{"id":"gty_3499","type":"gty","prompt":"MP3 audio format patented","options":["1987","1989","1991","1993"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Developed by Fraunhofer Institute in Germany."},{"id":"gty_14929","type":"gty","prompt":"first DNA fingerprint used in crime solving","options":["1984","1986","1988","1990"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Jeffreys' technique caught Colin Pitchfork."},{"id":"tf_13983","type":"tf","prompt":"Broccoli releases sulfur compounds when overcooked, causing a bad smell.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Excessive heat breaks down glucosinolates into sulfides."},{"id":"gty_3487","type":"gty","prompt":"Knesset building completed in 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soil."},{"id":"gty_534","type":"gty","prompt":"First successful use of penicillin to treat bacterial infection in a human","options":["1940","1941","1938","1945"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Treating a policeman with septicemia."},{"id":"gty_11180","type":"gty","prompt":"First motorcycle invented by Daimler","options":["1875","1880","1885","1890"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Wooden bike with gas engine."},{"id":"gty_14121","type":"gty","prompt":"The bikini goes on sale for the first time","options":["1946","1950","1942","1954"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Named after the Bikini Atoll nuclear test."},{"id":"gty_1657","type":"gty","prompt":"Mad Men series premiere on AMC","options":["2005","2007","2009","2011"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Won four consecutive Best Drama Emmys."},{"id":"gty_9333","type":"gty","prompt":"Battle of Isandlwana (Zulu vs British)","options":["1879","1880","1878","1881"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Cetshwayo's forces killed over 1,300 British."},{"id":"gty_13972","type":"gty","prompt":"First television commercial (for Bulova watches)","options":["1939","1940","1941","1942"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Aired during a baseball game on WNBT."},{"id":"gty_12994","type":"gty","prompt":"Moon landing by Apollo 11","options":["1967","1969","1971","1973"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"First humans on lunar surface."},{"id":"gty_6442","type":"gty","prompt":"LinkedIn is launched publicly","options":["2001","2002","2003","2004"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"Focused on professional networking from start."},{"id":"tf_12800","type":"tf","prompt":"The area of a circle is π times its diameter.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"False, is πr^2."},{"id":"gty_9523","type":"gty","prompt":"Great Armenian earthquake in Spitak (6.9 magnitude)","options":["1986","1987","1988","1989"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"The quake affected a region of about 80,000 square km."},{"id":"gty_14196","type":"gty","prompt":"The first iPod is released by Apple.","options":["1999","2000","2001","2002"],"correctIdx":2,"explanation":"5 GB storage, 1,000 songs in your pocket."},{"id":"gty_4184","type":"gty","prompt":"'South Park' debuted on Comedy Central.","options":["1997","1998","1996","1999"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Made from construction paper and stop-motion."},{"id":"tf_5286","type":"tf","prompt":"A katabatic wind is a cold downslope wind from a high area.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Katabatic winds are like gravity-driven cold air."},{"id":"tf_5448","type":"tf","prompt":"The longest serving Olympic official was a timer who worked at 10 Olympics.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Some officials served more than 10 Olympics, but not timer specific."},{"id":"tf_9383","type":"tf","prompt":"Sound travels through fluids only if the fluid is compressible.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Compressibility allows wave 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heavy nostalgia elements."},{"id":"gty_8894","type":"gty","prompt":"DroneTaxi 'EHang 184' batch flight since controlled by IPv6","options":["2016","2018","2021","2024"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Prototype for air taxi service."},{"id":"gty_4180","type":"gty","prompt":"MTV first aired, playing 'Video Killed the Radio Star'.","options":["1981","1982","1980","1983"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Few cable systems carried it initially."},{"id":"tf_12751","type":"tf","prompt":"The invention of the stethoscope occurred when a doctor rolled a paper tube to hear a patient's heartbeat.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"René Laennec used it after placing his ear directly on a young girl's chest."},{"id":"tf_13601","type":"tf","prompt":"The automatic transmission was an accidental byproduct of a failed steam engine project.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"First auto transmission designed for gas 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Replace: Great flood of Hanoi","options":["1889","1886","1892","1883"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Flood killed thousands; established waterworks."},{"id":"gty_4348","type":"gty","prompt":"First bicycle with gears invented","options":["1880","1885","1890","1895"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"The Rover Safety Bicycle included chain drive."},{"id":"tf_10067","type":"tf","prompt":"The Lombards preserved Roman political institutions after invasion.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"They replaced Roman institutions with tribal ones."},{"id":"gty_5668","type":"gty","prompt":"Serena Williams wins her first Grand Slam at the US Open","options":["1999","2001","1998","2000"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"She beat Martina Hingis in the final."},{"id":"tf_12422","type":"tf","prompt":"The 'memory suppression' technique using think/no-think reduces unwanted memories.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Controlled inhibition weakens retrieval."},{"id":"tf_13743","type":"tf","prompt":"The starfish predator 'crown-of-thorns' injects venom that can kill corals rapidly.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Venom from spines helps it consume coral."},{"id":"tf_10880","type":"tf","prompt":"Many birds only change mates if the first partner dies.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Divorce occurs when reproductive success is low."},{"id":"gty_7904","type":"gty","prompt":"Google search engine launched","options":["1996","1998","2000","2002"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Originally called Backrub."},{"id":"gty_12758","type":"gty","prompt":"Pringles potato chips are launched by Procter & Gamble","options":["1968","1975","1965","1972"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Sold in a tennis ball can to prevent breakage."},{"id":"gty_1296","type":"gty","prompt":"First geosynchronous orbit satellite (Syncom 2)","options":["1961","1963","1965","1967"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Syncom 2 provided communications over Pacific."},{"id":"tf_5147","type":"tf","prompt":"Laughing gas was first used for dental surgery in the 1800s.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Nitrous oxide became popular in 1840s."},{"id":"gty_4809","type":"gty","prompt":"First successful laser (ruby laser) built by Theodore Maiman","options":["1960","1958","1963","1955"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"It emitted deep red light pulses and was demonstrated at Hughes lab."},{"id":"gty_14483","type":"gty","prompt":"Larry Bird wins his first NBA MVP award","options":["1982","1984","1986","1988"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"He averaged 24.2 points and 10.1 rebounds."},{"id":"gty_766","type":"gty","prompt":"First manned spaceflight by Yuri Gagarin","options":["1959","1961","1963","1960"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Vostok 1 launched on April 12, 1961."},{"id":"tf_5538","type":"tf","prompt":"The Boeing 747's first flight occurred before the Wright Brothers' first flight.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"747 first flew in 1969, decades after Wrights."},{"id":"gty_14949","type":"gty","prompt":"Roller coaster invented (Looping coaster)","options":["1850","1853","1856","1859"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"First 'Centrifugal Railway' in Paris."},{"id":"gty_4414","type":"gty","prompt":"Google Maps launched","options":["2003","2004","2005","2006"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Began as a C++ desktop program."},{"id":"tf_3671","type":"tf","prompt":"The Gulf Stream current travels faster than a running human.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":0,"explanation":"Max speed about 2 m/s; 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larger ones are flattened at bottom."},{"id":"gty_1175","type":"gty","prompt":"The first ATM was installed in London","options":["1965","1967","1969","1971"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It was inaugurated by actor Reg Varney."},{"id":"tf_11468","type":"tf","prompt":"The 'Whorfian hypothesis' suggests language determines thought completely.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It influences thought partially."},{"id":"tf_12389","type":"tf","prompt":"Inattentional blindness only occurs in laboratory settings.","options":["True","False"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"It happens in real-world situations like driving."},{"id":"gty_2782","type":"gty","prompt":"Venera 7 lands on Venus (first from Earth)","options":["1969","1970","1971","1972"],"correctIdx":1,"explanation":"Transmitted data for 23 minutes."}]